Lighthouse Gall Midge Rondaniola bursaria

These galls were found on Ground Ivy by participants on a Norfolk Moth Survey leaf-mine day. I opened a couple of the galls and they each contained what I assume is a puparium at the tip of the gall. I initially thought they were larvae rather than pupae, partly because one wriggled slightly, but I think they look more like puparia and the larvae are supposed to be white. According to the galls book, the galls fall off the leaf in August or September leaving neat circular holes - these ones obviously hadn't read their instructions as they were still firmly attached in late October.

Lighthouse Gall Midge Rondaniola bursaria galls (4 photos from above and one from below) and puparia, Wendling Beck Environment Project (Norfolk, UK), 25th October 2025